Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Head of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1972}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{About|the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|Commanders-in-Chief of the other countries|Commander-in-Chief of the Army (disambiguation){{!}}Commander-in-Chief of the Army}}
{{For|the present title of the head of the Pakistan Army|Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Commander-in-Chief
| body = the Pakistan Army
| native_name = {{Nastaliq| پاک فوج کے کمانڈر انچیف}}
| insignia =
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption =
| flag = Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg
| flagsize =
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = Flag of the Pakistan Army
| image = Pakistani General Musa.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption = '''Longest serving<br>General [[Muhammad Musa (general)|Muhammad Musa]]'''<br>27 October 1958 – 17 September 1966
| department = [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]]<br>Army Secretariat-I at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|MoD]]<ref name="Ministry of Defence Press">{{cite web|last1=MoD|first1=Ministry of Defence|title=Organogram of MoD|url=http://mod.gov.pk/mod/userfiles1/file/Organization%20of%20Defence%20Division.pdf|website=Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|publisher=Ministry of Defence Press|access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation = C-in-C
| member_of =
| reports_to =
| residence = [[Rawalpindi Cantonment]]
| seat = [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]]<br>[[Rawalpindi Cantonment]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| nominator = [[Governor General of Pakistan]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] or [[President of Pakistan]]
| appointer = [[Governor General of Pakistan]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] or [[President of Pakistan]]
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = Not fixed
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation = {{Start date|1947|08|15|df=y}}
| first = [[General (United Kingdom)|Gen.]] [[Frank Messervy]]
| last = [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Gul Hassan Khan]]
| abolished = {{Start date|1972|03|03|df=y}}
| succession = [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| unofficial_names = Army chief
| deputy = Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army
| salary =
| website =
}}
The '''Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army''' (abbreviation: C-in-C of the Pakistan Army) was the professional head of the [[Pakistan Army]] from 1947 to 1972.<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, KS Bajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Kuldip Singh|title=Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788124109236|pages=320|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA105|access-date=3 December 2017|language=en|format=googlebooks|chapter={{small|Kashmir Valley saved}}}}</ref> The C-in-C was directly responsible for commanding the army. It was an administrative position and the appointment holder had main operational command authority over the army.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Abdurrahman|title=General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan: The Rise & Fall of a Soldier, 1947-1971|date=2020|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9780190701413|pages=|edition=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZIJzgEACAAJ}}</ref>
Direct appointments to the command of the [[Pakistan Army]] came from the [[Army Council (1904)|British Army Council]] until 1951, when the first [[Pakistani people|native Pakistani]] commander-in-chief (General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]) was nominated and appointed by the [[Government of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Mohammad Ayub|title=Friends Not Masters: A Political Autobiography|date=1967|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9789697553006|pages=|edition=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9K6AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="ReadHowYouWant.com">{{cite book|last1=Harmon|first1=Daniel E.|title=Pervez Musharraf: President of Pakistan: Easyread Super Large 20pt Edition|date=2008|publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com|isbn=9781427092038|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgJ03ubVAN0C&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA24|access-date=3 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>
The C-in-C designation was changed to '[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]' in 1972; General [[Tikka Khan]] was the first person to hold the new title. Six generals have served as C-in-C, the first two of them were native British and the post's name was derived from the post of [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army]].<ref name="NYU Press, 2002">{{cite book|last1=Cheema|first1=Pervaiz Iqbal|title=The Armed Forces of Pakistan|date=2002|publisher=NYU Press|location=New York, U.S.|isbn=9780814716335|pages=225|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=chief+of+air+staff+|access-date=25 July 2017|language=en|format=google books|chapter=Defence Administration}}</ref><ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=Command and Structure control of the Pakistan Army|url=http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|date=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030932/http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughleycontents">{{cite book|last1=Cloughley|first1=Brian|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections|date=2016|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.|isbn=9781631440397|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&dq=chief+of+army+staff+pakistan+1947&pg=PT300|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=GHQ>{{cite web |title=Pakistan: Army and Paramilitary Forces |url=http://www.factba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400 |publisher=[[Factba.se]] |access-date=16 December 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030935/http://fact.geoba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Army Chief">{{cite web|title=The Army Chief's|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179|publisher=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk|access-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204222712/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179|archive-date=4 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==History==
{{See also|Military history of Pakistan|Commander-in-Chief, India}}
Prior to the [[Creation of Pakistan]] from the [[Partition of India]] on [[14th of August|14 August 1947]], the senior generals of the [[British Indian Army]] were appointments made by the [[Army Council (1904)]] of the [[British Army]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lenze Jr|title=Civil–Military Relations in the Islamic World|date=2016|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498518741|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TiijDQAAQBAJ&q=first%20commander%20pakistan%20army&pg=PA81|access-date=21 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
The supreme military commander's appointment was known as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] who directly reported to the [[Governor-General of India]] who was also under the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarchy]].<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, Bajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Kuldip Singh|title=Jammu and Kashmir war, 1947-1948 : political and military perspective|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788124109236|pages=350|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&q=commander%20in%20chief%20army%20%20pakistan%201947&pg=PA105|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Kashmir Valley Saved}}</ref> [[Field Marshal]] [[Sir Claude Auchinleck]] was the last Commander-in-Chief of the undivided [[British Indian Army]] who became the supreme commander of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947 serving till November 30 of that year.<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, Bajwa"/>
[[Dominion of Pakistan]] was born on 14 August 1947 and its army was known as 'Royal Pakistan Army'; on 15 August [[British Indian Army]]'s General [[Frank Messervy]] became the first C-in-C of the newly created Pakistan Army. General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] was the first [[Pakistani people|native Pakistani]] to hold the appointment on 17 January 1951. However, Ayub didn't hold the substantive rank of full general till 1957.
In 1969, when General [[Yahya Khan]] became [[President of Pakistan]], Lieutenant General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]] was promoted to full General and was appointed as the 'Chief of Staff of the Army'.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughleycontents"/> On 20 March 1972, the commander-in-chief post was renamed as "[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff (COAS)]]" with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Tikka Khan]] elevated to four star rank to be appointed as army's first chief of army staff; this renaming was done copying India's [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] appointment.<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh|title=The Military Factor in Pakistan|date=2008|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=London, UK|isbn=9780981537894|pages=550|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&q=Tikka%20Khan%20first%20army%20chief&pg=PA62|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|chapter-format=googlebooks|chapter=Military and Politics}}</ref>
The term of the [[superannuation]] was then constrained to three years in office as opposed to four years and was made a permanent member of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh"/>
==Appointees==
The following table chronicles the appointees to the office of the Commander-in-Chief since the [[independence of Pakistan]] to 1972.
=== Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army (1947–1972) ===
{{See also|Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)}}
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief
| showtermlenght = y
| showelection = y
| election_title = Unit of Commission
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showaltofficeholder = y
| alt_officeholder_title = Notes
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Lieutenant General Sir Frank Messervy.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Frank Messervy|Sir Frank Walter Messervy]] {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|KCSI|KBE|CB|DSO1}}
| officeholder_sort = Messervy, Frank
| born_year = 1893
| died_year = 1974
| term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_end = 10 February 1948
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1947|08|15|1948|02|10}}
| election = [[9th Hodson's Horse]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The first commander-in-chief of the army who was in the acting rank of full general.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Gracey Douglas David.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Douglas Gracey|Sir Douglas David Gracey]] {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|KCB|KCIE|CBE|MC1}}
| officeholder_sort = Gracey, Douglas
| born_year = 1894
| died_year = 1964
| term_start = 11 February 1948
| term_end = 16 January 1951
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1948|02|11|1951|01|16}}
| election = [[1 Gorkha Rifles|1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The last British person to hold the C-in-C title, served as an acting full general like his predecessor. </small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = General Ayub Khan in 1959.jpg
| military_rank = [[Field marshal (Pakistan)|Field Marshal]]
| officeholder = [[Ayub Khan (general)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|NPk|HJ|HPk}},{{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|MBE}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Ayub
| born_year = 1907
| died_year = 1974
| term_start = 17 January 1951
| term_end = 27 October 1958
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1951|01|16|1958|10|27}}
| election = [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|5th Punjab Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The first native Pakistani person to be the C-in-C and as a substantive full general to hold the appointment, also the first chief to become President of the country. He was a self promoted Field Marshal after becoming the President.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1355171#tab-1|title=Gen. Ayub becomes President|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=6 September 2017|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref></small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image = Pakistani General Musa.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Muhammad Musa (general)|Muhammad Musa]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|HPk|HJ|HI|HQA}},{{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|MBE}}
| officeholder_sort = Musa, Muhammad
| born_year = 1908
| died_year = 1991
| term_start = 27 October 1958
| term_end = 17 September 1966
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1958|10|27|1966|09|17}}
| election = [[4th Hazara Pioneers]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>C-in-C during the [[Indo-Pak war of 1965]] and also the longest serving officer to hold the post.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image = General Yahya Khan portrait, circa 1966.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Yahya Khan|Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|HPk|HJ|SPk}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Yahya
| born_year = 1917
| died_year = 1980
| term_start = 18 September 1966
| term_end = 20 December 1971
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1966|09|18|1971|12|20}}
| election = [[Baloch Regiment|11th Baloch Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>Second chief to serve as President of the country from 1969 to 1971.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image = Gul Hassan Khan.png
| military_rank = [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|Lieutenant General]]
| officeholder = [[Gul Hassan Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|SQA|SPk}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Gul
| born_year = 1921
| died_year = 1999
| term_start = 20 December 1971
| term_end = 3 March 1972
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1971|12|20|1972|03|03}}
| election = [[Frontier Force Regiment|9th Frontier Force Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>Last C-in-C of the Pakistan Army, serving till 1972 in the rank of lieutenant general.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
==Responsibility==
The responsibility of the C-in-C was to perform as the chief commander of the army, he was responsible to make army and war policies along with other senior generals. He had the main command authority over the army. It was also the responsibility of the general to preside over the formation commanders meeting and any other meeting in the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]].
==Chief of Staff of the Army==
{{Not to be confused with|Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)}}
The C-in-Cs were assisted by Chiefs of Staff (COS), as prior to the birth of Pakistan, the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|GHQ, Pakistan]] was an army command's HQ of the [[British Indian Army]] (the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command, India]]) and there had been the appointment of the Chief of Staff under the command's commander, this trend continued in independent Pakistan's newly created army headquarters (GHQ).<ref name="Gul">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Gul Hassan |author-link= |date=1993 |title=Memoirs of Lt. Gen. Gul Hassan Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRVuAAAAMAAJ |location= United States|publisher=Oxford University Press, Karachi |page= |isbn=9780195774474}}</ref> The last Chief of Staff was General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]], who served till 1971. Another noted chief of staff was Lieutenant General Nasir Ali Khan in 1950s.<ref name="Gul"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/syedalihamid/8657654340|title=Lt Gen Nasir Ali Khan COS Pakistan Army inspecting the Guard of Honour at the Reunion Day Parade of 19th Lancers at West Ridge Rawalpindi 1955. Behind him are Brig Sarfaraz Khan commander 3rd Armoured Brigade and Lt Col Gussy Hyder CO 19th Lancers.|website=flickr.com|date=17 April 2013 }}</ref>
==Senior commanders during the 1965 and 1971 Wars==
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 Indo-Pakistani War]], there were only two Lt. Gens in the Army; [[Bakhtiar Rana]], the Commander [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]], and Altaf Qadri, who was on deputation to [[CENTO]], [[Turkey]], and a handful of Maj. Gens.<ref>Shaukat Qadir. [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-10-2003_pg3_4 "1965: Operation Grand Slam"] ''Daily Times'', 4 October 2003</ref>
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 Indo-Pakistani War]], there were two full generals and the number of Lt Gens reached 13; four were posted at the GHQ/CMLA HQ, one at the CENTO HQ in Ankara, Turkey, four were corps commanders, four were governors under martial law. General [[Yahya Khan]] was the President of Pakistan, General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]] was the de facto Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lt Gen S.G.M.M. Peerzada was the PSO CMLA HQ in Rawalpindi, Lt Gen [[Gul Hassan Khan]] was the Chief of General Staff (CGS), and Lt Gen [[Khwaja Wasiuddin]] was the Master-General of Ordnance (MGO).The GHQ posts of QMG and AG were under the rank of Major-Generals. Lt Gen [[Muhammad Shariff]] was sent as the Permanent Representative to the CENTO HQ in Turkey. Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)|Eastern Command]] was under Lt Gen [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|A.A.K. Niazi]], [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]] was under Lt Gen Irshad Ahmad Khan, [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] was under Lt Gen [[Tikka Khan]], [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] was under Lt Gen Bahadur Sher. On the other hand, [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|the governor of Punjab]] was Lt Gen [[Attiqur Rahman]], [[Governor of Sindh|the governor of Sindh]] was Lt Gen Rakhman Gul, [[Governor of the North-West Frontier Province|the governor of NWFP]] was Lt Gen [[Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan|K.M. Azhar]], and [[Governor of Balochistan|the governor of Balochistan]] was Lt Gen [[Riaz Hussain (politician)|Riaz Hussain]].
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Pakistan Army template}}
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | ' ROOHALLAH AMIR JAMALI 4230169329131 DIGITAL COMPUTER
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{Short description|Head of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1972}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{About|the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army|Commanders-in-Chief of the other countries|Commander-in-Chief of the Army (disambiguation){{!}}Commander-in-Chief of the Army}}
{{For|the present title of the head of the Pakistan Army|Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Commander-in-Chief
| body = the Pakistan Army
| native_name = {{Nastaliq| پاک فوج کے کمانڈر انچیف}}
| insignia =
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption =
| flag = Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg
| flagsize =
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = Flag of the Pakistan Army
| image = Pakistani General Musa.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption = '''Longest serving<br>General [[Muhammad Musa (general)|Muhammad Musa]]'''<br>27 October 1958 – 17 September 1966
| department = [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]]<br>Army Secretariat-I at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|MoD]]<ref name="Ministry of Defence Press">{{cite web|last1=MoD|first1=Ministry of Defence|title=Organogram of MoD|url=http://mod.gov.pk/mod/userfiles1/file/Organization%20of%20Defence%20Division.pdf|website=Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|publisher=Ministry of Defence Press|access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation = C-in-C
| member_of =
| reports_to =
| residence = [[Rawalpindi Cantonment]]
| seat = [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]]<br>[[Rawalpindi Cantonment]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| nominator = [[Governor General of Pakistan]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] or [[President of Pakistan]]
| appointer = [[Governor General of Pakistan]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] or [[President of Pakistan]]
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = Not fixed
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| formation = {{Start date|1947|08|15|df=y}}
| first = [[General (United Kingdom)|Gen.]] [[Frank Messervy]]
| last = [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Gul Hassan Khan]]
| abolished = {{Start date|1972|03|03|df=y}}
| succession = [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]
| unofficial_names = Army chief
| deputy = Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army
| salary =
| website =
}}
The '''Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army''' (abbreviation: C-in-C of the Pakistan Army) was the professional head of the [[Pakistan Army]] from 1947 to 1972.<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, KS Bajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Kuldip Singh|title=Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788124109236|pages=320|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA105|access-date=3 December 2017|language=en|format=googlebooks|chapter={{small|Kashmir Valley saved}}}}</ref> The C-in-C was directly responsible for commanding the army. It was an administrative position and the appointment holder had main operational command authority over the army.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Abdurrahman|title=General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan: The Rise & Fall of a Soldier, 1947-1971|date=2020|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9780190701413|pages=|edition=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZIJzgEACAAJ}}</ref>
Direct appointments to the command of the [[Pakistan Army]] came from the [[Army Council (1904)|British Army Council]] until 1951, when the first [[Pakistani people|native Pakistani]] commander-in-chief (General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]) was nominated and appointed by the [[Government of Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Mohammad Ayub|title=Friends Not Masters: A Political Autobiography|date=1967|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9789697553006|pages=|edition=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9K6AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="ReadHowYouWant.com">{{cite book|last1=Harmon|first1=Daniel E.|title=Pervez Musharraf: President of Pakistan: Easyread Super Large 20pt Edition|date=2008|publisher=ReadHowYouWant.com|isbn=9781427092038|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgJ03ubVAN0C&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA24|access-date=3 December 2017|language=en}}</ref>
The C-in-C designation was changed to '[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]]' in 1972; General [[Tikka Khan]] was the first person to hold the new title. Six generals have served as C-in-C, the first two of them were native British and the post's name was derived from the post of [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army]].<ref name="NYU Press, 2002">{{cite book|last1=Cheema|first1=Pervaiz Iqbal|title=The Armed Forces of Pakistan|date=2002|publisher=NYU Press|location=New York, U.S.|isbn=9780814716335|pages=225|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=chief+of+air+staff+|access-date=25 July 2017|language=en|format=google books|chapter=Defence Administration}}</ref><ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=Command and Structure control of the Pakistan Army|url=http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|date=2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030932/http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughleycontents">{{cite book|last1=Cloughley|first1=Brian|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections|date=2016|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.|isbn=9781631440397|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&dq=chief+of+army+staff+pakistan+1947&pg=PT300|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=GHQ>{{cite web |title=Pakistan: Army and Paramilitary Forces |url=http://www.factba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400 |publisher=[[Factba.se]] |access-date=16 December 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030935/http://fact.geoba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Army Chief">{{cite web|title=The Army Chief's|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179|publisher=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk|access-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204222712/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179|archive-date=4 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==History==
{{See also|Military history of Pakistan|Commander-in-Chief, India}}
Prior to the [[Creation of Pakistan]] from the [[Partition of India]] on [[14th of August|14 August 1947]], the senior generals of the [[British Indian Army]] were appointments made by the [[Army Council (1904)]] of the [[British Army]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lenze Jr|title=Civil–Military Relations in the Islamic World|date=2016|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498518741|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TiijDQAAQBAJ&q=first%20commander%20pakistan%20army&pg=PA81|access-date=21 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
The supreme military commander's appointment was known as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] who directly reported to the [[Governor-General of India]] who was also under the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarchy]].<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, Bajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Kuldip Singh|title=Jammu and Kashmir war, 1947-1948 : political and military perspective|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788124109236|pages=350|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&q=commander%20in%20chief%20army%20%20pakistan%201947&pg=PA105|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Kashmir Valley Saved}}</ref> [[Field Marshal]] [[Sir Claude Auchinleck]] was the last Commander-in-Chief of the undivided [[British Indian Army]] who became the supreme commander of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947 serving till November 30 of that year.<ref name="Har-Anand Publications, Bajwa"/>
[[Dominion of Pakistan]] was born on 14 August 1947 and its army was known as 'Royal Pakistan Army'; on 15 August [[British Indian Army]]'s General [[Frank Messervy]] became the first C-in-C of the newly created Pakistan Army. General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] was the first [[Pakistani people|native Pakistani]] to hold the appointment on 17 January 1951. However, Ayub didn't hold the substantive rank of full general till 1957.
In 1969, when General [[Yahya Khan]] became [[President of Pakistan]], Lieutenant General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]] was promoted to full General and was appointed as the 'Chief of Staff of the Army'.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughleycontents"/> On 20 March 1972, the commander-in-chief post was renamed as "[[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff (COAS)]]" with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Tikka Khan]] elevated to four star rank to be appointed as army's first chief of army staff; this renaming was done copying India's [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] appointment.<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh|title=The Military Factor in Pakistan|date=2008|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=London, UK|isbn=9780981537894|pages=550|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&q=Tikka%20Khan%20first%20army%20chief&pg=PA62|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|chapter-format=googlebooks|chapter=Military and Politics}}</ref>
The term of the [[superannuation]] was then constrained to three years in office as opposed to four years and was made a permanent member of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh"/>
==Appointees==
The following table chronicles the appointees to the office of the Commander-in-Chief since the [[independence of Pakistan]] to 1972.
=== Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army (1947–1972) ===
{{See also|Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)}}
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief
| showtermlenght = y
| showelection = y
| election_title = Unit of Commission
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showaltofficeholder = y
| alt_officeholder_title = Notes
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Lieutenant General Sir Frank Messervy.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Frank Messervy|Sir Frank Walter Messervy]] {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|KCSI|KBE|CB|DSO1}}
| officeholder_sort = Messervy, Frank
| born_year = 1893
| died_year = 1974
| term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_end = 10 February 1948
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1947|08|15|1948|02|10}}
| election = [[9th Hodson's Horse]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The first commander-in-chief of the army who was in the acting rank of full general.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Gracey Douglas David.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Douglas Gracey|Sir Douglas David Gracey]] {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|KCB|KCIE|CBE|MC1}}
| officeholder_sort = Gracey, Douglas
| born_year = 1894
| died_year = 1964
| term_start = 11 February 1948
| term_end = 16 January 1951
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1948|02|11|1951|01|16}}
| election = [[1 Gorkha Rifles|1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The last British person to hold the C-in-C title, served as an acting full general like his predecessor. </small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = General Ayub Khan in 1959.jpg
| military_rank = [[Field marshal (Pakistan)|Field Marshal]]
| officeholder = [[Ayub Khan (general)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|NPk|HJ|HPk}},{{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|MBE}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Ayub
| born_year = 1907
| died_year = 1974
| term_start = 17 January 1951
| term_end = 27 October 1958
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1951|01|16|1958|10|27}}
| election = [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|5th Punjab Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>The first native Pakistani person to be the C-in-C and as a substantive full general to hold the appointment, also the first chief to become President of the country. He was a self promoted Field Marshal after becoming the President.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1355171#tab-1|title=Gen. Ayub becomes President|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=6 September 2017|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref></small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image = Pakistani General Musa.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Muhammad Musa (general)|Muhammad Musa]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|HPk|HJ|HI|HQA}},{{post-nominals|country=UK|size=75%|sep=,|MBE}}
| officeholder_sort = Musa, Muhammad
| born_year = 1908
| died_year = 1991
| term_start = 27 October 1958
| term_end = 17 September 1966
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1958|10|27|1966|09|17}}
| election = [[4th Hazara Pioneers]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>C-in-C during the [[Indo-Pak war of 1965]] and also the longest serving officer to hold the post.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image = General Yahya Khan portrait, circa 1966.jpg
| military_rank = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
| officeholder = [[Yahya Khan|Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|HPk|HJ|SPk}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Yahya
| born_year = 1917
| died_year = 1980
| term_start = 18 September 1966
| term_end = 20 December 1971
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1966|09|18|1971|12|20}}
| election = [[Baloch Regiment|11th Baloch Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>Second chief to serve as President of the country from 1969 to 1971.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image = Gul Hassan Khan.png
| military_rank = [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|Lieutenant General]]
| officeholder = [[Gul Hassan Khan]] {{post-nominals|country=PAK|size=75%|sep=,|SQA|SPk}}
| officeholder_sort = Khan, Gul
| born_year = 1921
| died_year = 1999
| term_start = 20 December 1971
| term_end = 3 March 1972
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1971|12|20|1972|03|03}}
| election = [[Frontier Force Regiment|9th Frontier Force Regiment]]
| alt_officeholder = <small>Last C-in-C of the Pakistan Army, serving till 1972 in the rank of lieutenant general.</small>
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
==Responsibility==
The responsibility of the C-in-C was to perform as the chief commander of the army, he was responsible to make army and war policies along with other senior generals. He had the main command authority over the army. It was also the responsibility of the general to preside over the formation commanders meeting and any other meeting in the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|General Headquarters]].
==Chief of Staff of the Army==
{{Not to be confused with|Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)}}
The C-in-Cs were assisted by Chiefs of Staff (COS), as prior to the birth of Pakistan, the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|GHQ, Pakistan]] was an army command's HQ of the [[British Indian Army]] (the [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command, India]]) and there had been the appointment of the Chief of Staff under the command's commander, this trend continued in independent Pakistan's newly created army headquarters (GHQ).<ref name="Gul">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Gul Hassan |author-link= |date=1993 |title=Memoirs of Lt. Gen. Gul Hassan Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRVuAAAAMAAJ |location= United States|publisher=Oxford University Press, Karachi |page= |isbn=9780195774474}}</ref> The last Chief of Staff was General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]], who served till 1971. Another noted chief of staff was Lieutenant General Nasir Ali Khan in 1950s.<ref name="Gul"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/syedalihamid/8657654340|title=Lt Gen Nasir Ali Khan COS Pakistan Army inspecting the Guard of Honour at the Reunion Day Parade of 19th Lancers at West Ridge Rawalpindi 1955. Behind him are Brig Sarfaraz Khan commander 3rd Armoured Brigade and Lt Col Gussy Hyder CO 19th Lancers.|website=flickr.com|date=17 April 2013 }}</ref>
==Senior commanders during the 1965 and 1971 Wars==
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 Indo-Pakistani War]], there were only two Lt. Gens in the Army; [[Bakhtiar Rana]], the Commander [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]], and Altaf Qadri, who was on deputation to [[CENTO]], [[Turkey]], and a handful of Maj. Gens.<ref>Shaukat Qadir. [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-10-2003_pg3_4 "1965: Operation Grand Slam"] ''Daily Times'', 4 October 2003</ref>
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 Indo-Pakistani War]], there were two full generals and the number of Lt Gens reached 13; four were posted at the GHQ/CMLA HQ, one at the CENTO HQ in Ankara, Turkey, four were corps commanders, four were governors under martial law. General [[Yahya Khan]] was the President of Pakistan, General [[Abdul Hamid Khan (general)|Abdul Hamid Khan]] was the de facto Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lt Gen S.G.M.M. Peerzada was the PSO CMLA HQ in Rawalpindi, Lt Gen [[Gul Hassan Khan]] was the Chief of General Staff (CGS), and Lt Gen [[Khwaja Wasiuddin]] was the Master-General of Ordnance (MGO).The GHQ posts of QMG and AG were under the rank of Major-Generals. Lt Gen [[Muhammad Shariff]] was sent as the Permanent Representative to the CENTO HQ in Turkey. Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)|Eastern Command]] was under Lt Gen [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|A.A.K. Niazi]], [[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Corps]] was under Lt Gen Irshad Ahmad Khan, [[II Corps (Pakistan)|II Corps]] was under Lt Gen [[Tikka Khan]], [[IV Corps (Pakistan)|IV Corps]] was under Lt Gen Bahadur Sher. On the other hand, [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|the governor of Punjab]] was Lt Gen [[Attiqur Rahman]], [[Governor of Sindh|the governor of Sindh]] was Lt Gen Rakhman Gul, [[Governor of the North-West Frontier Province|the governor of NWFP]] was Lt Gen [[Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan|K.M. Azhar]], and [[Governor of Balochistan|the governor of Balochistan]] was Lt Gen [[Riaz Hussain (politician)|Riaz Hussain]].
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Pakistan Army template}}
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army]]' |
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GHQ HEAD QUATER RAWALPINDI ISLAMABAD AUR GERNAL HAFEIZ AASIM MUNEER LEKH KR DEKHO YAI ADDING MAI NY KHUD KI H JALD SY JALD KARWAI KI JAY SIR PAK FOJ GERNAL HAFEIZ AASIM MUNEER KO MERA REQUEST H JALD SY JALD KARWAI KI JAY APNA DIGITAL COMPUTER LY JAO CIA WALO SY JO LIYARI SOUTH NAYABAD GLI NMBR 13 BLOCK A AFFAN TRESS BUILDING MAI H INTELLIGENCE AGENSI ISI KA WORLD 🌎 TREND CENTER BANK KI RAQAM H
{Short description|Head of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1972}}
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army. For Commanders-in-Chief of the other countries, see <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Army (disambiguation)">Commander-in-Chief of the Army</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the present title of the head of the Pakistan Army, see <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> پاک فوج کے کمانڈر انچیف</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Pakistan Army</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></div><b>Longest serving<br />General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Musa_(general)" title="Muhammad Musa (general)">Muhammad Musa</a></b><br />27 October 1958 – 17 September 1966</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)">Ministry of Defence</a><br />Army Secretariat-I at <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)">MoD</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ministry_of_Defence_Press_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_Defence_Press-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">C-in-C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_Cantonment" title="Rawalpindi Cantonment">Rawalpindi Cantonment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_(Pakistan_Army)" title="General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)">General Headquarters</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_Cantonment" title="Rawalpindi Cantonment">Rawalpindi Cantonment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Pakistan">Governor General of Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a> or <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Pakistan">Governor General of Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a> or <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Not fixed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1947<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1947-08-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Messervy" title="Frank Messervy">Frank Messervy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(Pakistan)" title="Lieutenant general (Pakistan)">Lt. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Gul_Hassan_Khan" title="Gul Hassan Khan">Gul Hassan Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">3 March 1972<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1972-03-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unofficial names</th><td class="infobox-data">Army chief</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army</b> (abbreviation: C-in-C of the Pakistan Army) was the professional head of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> from 1947 to 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_KS_Bajwa_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications,_KS_Bajwa-2">[2]</a></sup> The C-in-C was directly responsible for commanding the army. It was an administrative position and the appointment holder had main operational command authority over the army.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Direct appointments to the command of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> came from the <a href="/wiki/Army_Council_(1904)" title="Army Council (1904)">British Army Council</a> until 1951, when the first <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani people">native Pakistani</a> commander-in-chief (General <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (general)">Ayub Khan</a>) was nominated and appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReadHowYouWant.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadHowYouWant.com-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>The C-in-C designation was changed to '<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a>' in 1972; General <a href="/wiki/Tikka_Khan" title="Tikka Khan">Tikka Khan</a> was the first person to hold the new title. Six generals have served as C-in-C, the first two of them were native British and the post's name was derived from the post of <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYU_Press,_2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYU_Press,_2002-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PakDef_Military_Consortium_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PakDef_Military_Consortium-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GHQ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GHQ-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Army_Chief_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Army_Chief-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Appointees"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Appointees</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Commanders-in-Chief,_Pakistan_Army_(1947–1972)"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army (1947–1972)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Responsibility"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Responsibility</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Army"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Chief of Staff of the Army</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Senior_commanders_during_the_1965_and_1971_Wars"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Senior commanders during the 1965 and 1971 Wars</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">Military history of Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief, India</a></div>
<p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation of Pakistan">Creation of Pakistan</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> on <a href="/wiki/14th_of_August" class="mw-redirect" title="14th of August">14 August 1947</a>, the senior generals of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> were appointments made by the <a href="/wiki/Army_Council_(1904)" title="Army Council (1904)">Army Council (1904)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>The supreme military commander's appointment was known as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief, India</a> who directly reported to the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a> who was also under the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa-12">[12]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Claude_Auchinleck" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Claude Auchinleck">Sir Claude Auchinleck</a> was the last Commander-in-Chief of the undivided <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> who became the supreme commander of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947 serving till November 30 of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a> was born on 14 August 1947 and its army was known as 'Royal Pakistan Army'; on 15 August <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>'s General <a href="/wiki/Frank_Messervy" title="Frank Messervy">Frank Messervy</a> became the first C-in-C of the newly created Pakistan Army. General <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (general)">Ayub Khan</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani people">native Pakistani</a> to hold the appointment on 17 January 1951. However, Ayub didn't hold the substantive rank of full general till 1957.
</p><p>In 1969, when General <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> became <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Khan_(general)" title="Abdul Hamid Khan (general)">Abdul Hamid Khan</a> was promoted to full General and was appointed as the 'Chief of Staff of the Army'.<sup id="cite_ref-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents-8">[8]</a></sup> On 20 March 1972, the commander-in-chief post was renamed as "<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff (COAS)</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-General">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Tikka_Khan" title="Tikka Khan">Tikka Khan</a> elevated to four star rank to be appointed as army's first chief of army staff; this renaming was done copying India's <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">COAS</a> appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>The term of the <a href="/wiki/Superannuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Superannuation">superannuation</a> was then constrained to three years in office as opposed to four years and was made a permanent member of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh-13">[13]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Appointees">Appointees</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The following table chronicles the appointees to the office of the Commander-in-Chief since the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Pakistan">independence of Pakistan</a> to 1972.
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<h3><span id="Commanders-in-Chief.2C_Pakistan_Army_.281947.E2.80.931972.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Commanders-in-Chief,_Pakistan_Army_(1947–1972)">Commanders-in-Chief, Pakistan Army (1947–1972)</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)</a></div>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr>
</th>
<th class="unsortable">Portrait
</th>
<th>Commander-in-Chief</th>
<th data-sort-type="date">Took office</th>
<th data-sort-type="date">Left office</th>
<th>Time in office</th>
<th>Unit of Commission</th>
<th>Notes
</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">1</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Frank Walter Messervy KCSI, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar"><img alt="Sir Frank Walter Messervy KCSI, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg/100px-Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg/150px-Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg/200px-Lieutenant_General_Sir_Frank_Messervy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Messervy, Frank</span><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_Messervy" title="Frank Messervy">Sir Frank Walter Messervy</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India">KCSI</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">CB</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a> & <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bar</a></span></b><br /><small>(1893–1974)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">15 August 1947</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">10 February 1948</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7002179000000000000♠"></span>179 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/9th_Hodson%27s_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Hodson's Horse">9th Hodson's Horse</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>The first commander-in-chief of the army who was in the acting rank of full general.</small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">2</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Douglas David Gracey KCB, KCIE, CBE, MC & Bar"><img alt="Sir Douglas David Gracey KCB, KCIE, CBE, MC & Bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg/100px-Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg/150px-Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Gracey_Douglas_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Gracey, Douglas</span><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gracey" title="Douglas Gracey">Sir Douglas David Gracey</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">KCIE</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a> & <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bar</a></span></b><br /><small>(1894–1964)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">11 February 1948</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">16 January 1951</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7003107000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 339 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1st King George's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>The last British person to hold the C-in-C title, served as an acting full general like his predecessor. </small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">3</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muhammad Ayub Khan NPk, HJ, HPk,MBE"><img alt="Muhammad Ayub Khan NPk, HJ, HPk,MBE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg/100px-General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg/150px-General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg/200px-General_Ayub_Khan_in_1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Khan, Ayub</span><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(Pakistan)" title="Field marshal (Pakistan)">Field Marshal</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (general)">Muhammad Ayub Khan</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">NPk</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Jur%27at" title="Hilal-i-Jur'at">HJ</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilal-i-Pakistan">HPk</a></span>,<span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></span></b><br /><small>(1907–1974)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">17 January 1951</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">27 October 1958</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7003284100000000000♠"></span>7 years, 284 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)">5th Punjab Regiment</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>The first native Pakistani person to be the C-in-C and as a substantive full general to hold the appointment, also the first chief to become President of the country. He was a self promoted Field Marshal after becoming the President.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">4</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muhammad Musa HPk, HJ, HQA,MBE"><img alt="Muhammad Musa HPk, HJ, HQA,MBE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg/100px-Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg/150px-Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg/200px-Pakistani_General_Musa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Musa, Muhammad</span><a href="/wiki/General_(Pakistan)" title="General (Pakistan)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Musa_(general)" title="Muhammad Musa (general)">Muhammad Musa</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilal-i-Pakistan">HPk</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Jur%27at" title="Hilal-i-Jur'at">HJ</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_decorations_of_Pakistan" title="Civil decorations of Pakistan">HQA</a></span>,<span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></span></b><br /><small>(1908–1991)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">27 October 1958</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">17 September 1966</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7003288200000000000♠"></span>7 years, 325 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/4th_Hazara_Pioneers" title="4th Hazara Pioneers">4th Hazara Pioneers</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>C-in-C during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pak_war_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pak war of 1965">Indo-Pak war of 1965</a> and also the longest serving officer to hold the post.</small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">5</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Yahya_Khan_portrait,_circa_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan HPk, HJ, SPk"><img alt="Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan HPk, HJ, SPk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg/100px-General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg/150px-General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg/200px-General_Yahya_Khan_portrait%2C_circa_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Khan, Yahya</span><a href="/wiki/General_(Pakistan)" title="General (Pakistan)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilal-i-Pakistan">HPk</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Jur%27at" title="Hilal-i-Jur'at">HJ</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitara-e-Pakistan">SPk</a></span></b><br /><small>(1917–1980)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">18 September 1966</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">20 December 1971</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7003191900000000000♠"></span>5 years, 93 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Regiment" title="Baloch Regiment">11th Baloch Regiment</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>Second chief to serve as President of the country from 1969 to 1971.</small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:center; background:none">6</td><td style="; background:none"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative">
<div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gul_Hassan_Khan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gul Hassan Khan SQA, SPk"><img alt="Gul Hassan Khan SQA, SPk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Gul_Hassan_Khan.png/100px-Gul_Hassan_Khan.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Gul_Hassan_Khan.png/150px-Gul_Hassan_Khan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Gul_Hassan_Khan.png/200px-Gul_Hassan_Khan.png 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span style="display:none">Khan, Gul</span><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(Pakistan)" title="Lieutenant general (Pakistan)">Lieutenant General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Gul_Hassan_Khan" title="Gul Hassan Khan">Gul Hassan Khan</a> <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:75%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_decorations_of_Pakistan" title="Civil decorations of Pakistan">SQA</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitara-e-Pakistan">SPk</a></span></b><br /><small>(1921–1999)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">20 December 1971</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none">3 March 1972</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><span data-sort-value="7001740000000000000♠"></span>74 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Force_Regiment" title="Frontier Force Regiment">9th Frontier Force Regiment</a></td><td style="text-align:center; background:none"><small>Last C-in-C of the Pakistan Army, serving till 1972 in the rank of lieutenant general.</small></td></tr>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Responsibility">Responsibility</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The responsibility of the C-in-C was to perform as the chief commander of the army, he was responsible to make army and war policies along with other senior generals. He had the main command authority over the army. It was also the responsibility of the general to preside over the formation commanders meeting and any other meeting in the <a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_(Pakistan_Army)" title="General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)">General Headquarters</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)</a>.</div>
<p>The C-in-Cs were assisted by Chiefs of Staff (COS), as prior to the birth of Pakistan, the <a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_(Pakistan_Army)" title="General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)">GHQ, Pakistan</a> was an army command's HQ of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command, India</a>) and there had been the appointment of the Chief of Staff under the command's commander, this trend continued in independent Pakistan's newly created army headquarters (GHQ).<sup id="cite_ref-Gul_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gul-15">[15]</a></sup> The last Chief of Staff was General <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Khan_(general)" title="Abdul Hamid Khan (general)">Abdul Hamid Khan</a>, who served till 1971. Another noted chief of staff was Lieutenant General Nasir Ali Khan in 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Gul_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gul-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Senior_commanders_during_the_1965_and_1971_Wars">Senior commanders during the 1965 and 1971 Wars</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>During the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 Indo-Pakistani War</a>, there were only two Lt. Gens in the Army; <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiar_Rana" title="Bakhtiar Rana">Bakhtiar Rana</a>, the Commander <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="I Corps (Pakistan)">I Corps</a>, and Altaf Qadri, who was on deputation to <a href="/wiki/CENTO" class="mw-redirect" title="CENTO">CENTO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and a handful of Maj. Gens.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971 Indo-Pakistani War</a>, there were two full generals and the number of Lt Gens reached 13; four were posted at the GHQ/CMLA HQ, one at the CENTO HQ in Ankara, Turkey, four were corps commanders, four were governors under martial law. General <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> was the President of Pakistan, General <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Khan_(general)" title="Abdul Hamid Khan (general)">Abdul Hamid Khan</a> was the de facto Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Lt Gen S.G.M.M. Peerzada was the PSO CMLA HQ in Rawalpindi, Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Gul_Hassan_Khan" title="Gul Hassan Khan">Gul Hassan Khan</a> was the Chief of General Staff (CGS), and Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Wasiuddin" title="Khwaja Wasiuddin">Khwaja Wasiuddin</a> was the Master-General of Ordnance (MGO).The GHQ posts of QMG and AG were under the rank of Major-Generals. Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shariff" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shariff">Muhammad Shariff</a> was sent as the Permanent Representative to the CENTO HQ in Turkey. Army's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Command (Pakistan)">Eastern Command</a> was under Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Niazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi">A.A.K. Niazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="I Corps (Pakistan)">I Corps</a> was under Lt Gen Irshad Ahmad Khan, <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="II Corps (Pakistan)">II Corps</a> was under Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Tikka_Khan" title="Tikka Khan">Tikka Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="IV Corps (Pakistan)">IV Corps</a> was under Lt Gen Bahadur Sher. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Punjab_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)">the governor of Punjab</a> was Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Attiqur_Rahman" title="Attiqur Rahman">Attiqur Rahman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sindh" title="Governor of Sindh">the governor of Sindh</a> was Lt Gen Rakhman Gul, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_North-West_Frontier_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the North-West Frontier Province">the governor of NWFP</a> was Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Mohammad_Azhar_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan">K.M. Azhar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Balochistan">the governor of Balochistan</a> was Lt Gen <a href="/wiki/Riaz_Hussain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riaz Hussain (politician)">Riaz Hussain</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-Ministry_of_Defence_Press-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ministry_of_Defence_Press_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMoD" class="citation web cs1">MoD, Ministry of Defence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mod.gov.pk/mod/userfiles1/file/Organization%20of%20Defence%20Division.pdf">"Organogram of MoD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)</i>. Ministry of Defence Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Defence+%28Pakistan%29&rft.atitle=Organogram+of+MoD&rft.aulast=MoD&rft.aufirst=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.gov.pk%2Fmod%2Fuserfiles1%2Ffile%2FOrganization%2520of%2520Defence%2520Division.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications,_KS_Bajwa-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_KS_Bajwa_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBajwa2003" class="citation book cs1">Bajwa, Kuldip Singh (2003). "<span style="font-size:85%;">Kashmir Valley saved</span>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA105"><i>Jammu and Kashmir War, 1947-1948: Political and Military Perspective</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(googlebooks)</span> (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124109236" title="Special:BookSources/9788124109236"><bdi>9788124109236</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B%22%3EKashmir+Valley+saved%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir+War%2C+1947-1948%3A+Political+and+Military+Perspective&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=320&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788124109236&rft.aulast=Bajwa&rft.aufirst=Kuldip+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7bREjE5yXNMC%26dq%3Dcommander%2Bin%2Bchief%2Bpakistan%2Barmy%2B1947%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2020" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Abdurrahman (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mZIJzgEACAAJ"><i>General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan: The Rise & Fall of a Soldier, 1947-1971</i></a>. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190701413" title="Special:BookSources/9780190701413"><bdi>9780190701413</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Agha+Mohammad+Yahya+Khan%3A+The+Rise+%26+Fall+of+a+Soldier%2C+1947-1971&rft.place=Karachi%2C+Pakistan&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780190701413&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Abdurrahman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmZIJzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1967" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Mohammad Ayub (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9K6AAAAIAAJ"><i>Friends Not Masters: A Political Autobiography</i></a>. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789697553006" title="Special:BookSources/9789697553006"><bdi>9789697553006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friends+Not+Masters%3A+A+Political+Autobiography&rft.place=Karachi%2C+Pakistan&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9789697553006&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Ayub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ9K6AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ReadHowYouWant.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReadHowYouWant.com_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHarmon2008" class="citation book cs1">Harmon, Daniel E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lgJ03ubVAN0C&dq=commander+in+chief+pakistan+army+1947&pg=PA24"><i>Pervez Musharraf: President of Pakistan: Easyread Super Large 20pt Edition</i></a>. ReadHowYouWant.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781427092038" title="Special:BookSources/9781427092038"><bdi>9781427092038</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pervez+Musharraf%3A+President+of+Pakistan%3A+Easyread+Super+Large+20pt+Edition&rft.pub=ReadHowYouWant.com&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781427092038&rft.aulast=Harmon&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlgJ03ubVAN0C%26dq%3Dcommander%2Bin%2Bchief%2Bpakistan%2Barmy%2B1947%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYU_Press,_2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYU_Press,_2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCheema2002" class="citation book cs1">Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal (2002). "Defence Administration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cw_gduyRv5oC&q=chief+of+air+staff+"><i>The Armed Forces of Pakistan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(google books)</span> (1st ed.). New York, U.S.: NYU Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814716335" title="Special:BookSources/9780814716335"><bdi>9780814716335</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Defence+Administration&rft.btitle=The+Armed+Forces+of+Pakistan&rft.place=New+York%2C+U.S.&rft.pages=225&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780814716335&rft.aulast=Cheema&rft.aufirst=Pervaiz+Iqbal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcw_gduyRv5oC%26q%3Dchief%2Bof%2Bair%2Bstaff%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PakDef_Military_Consortium-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PakDef_Military_Consortium_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFShabbir2003" class="citation web cs1">Shabbir, Usman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030932/http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/">"Command and Structure control of the Pakistan Army"</a>. <i>pakdef.org</i>. PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakdef.org/commandstructure/">the original</a> on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pakdef.org&rft.atitle=Command+and+Structure+control+of+the+Pakistan+Army&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Shabbir&rft.aufirst=Usman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpakdef.org%2Fcommandstructure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skyhorse_Publishing,_Inc._Cloughleycontents_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCloughley2016" class="citation book cs1">Cloughley, Brian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&dq=chief+of+army+staff+pakistan+1947&pg=PT300"><i>A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections</i></a>. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781631440397" title="Special:BookSources/9781631440397"><bdi>9781631440397</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Pakistan+Army%3A+Wars+and+Insurrections&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781631440397&rft.aulast=Cloughley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJE1kCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dchief%2Bof%2Barmy%2Bstaff%2Bpakistan%2B1947%26pg%3DPT300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GHQ-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GHQ_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030935/http://fact.geoba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400">"Pakistan: Army and Paramilitary Forces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Factba.se" title="Factba.se">Factba.se</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.factba.se/handbook-page.php?id=1154400">the original</a> on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Army+and+Paramilitary+Forces&rft.pub=Factba.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.factba.se%2Fhandbook-page.php%3Fid%3D1154400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Army_Chief-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Army_Chief_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204222712/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179">"The Army Chief's"</a>. www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=30&rnd=179">the original</a> on 4 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Army+Chief%27s&rft.pub=www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistanarmy.gov.pk%2FAWPReview%2FTextContent.aspx%3FpId%3D30%26rnd%3D179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLenze_Jr2016" class="citation book cs1">Lenze Jr (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TiijDQAAQBAJ&q=first%20commander%20pakistan%20army&pg=PA81"><i>Civil–Military Relations in the Islamic World</i></a>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498518741" title="Special:BookSources/9781498518741"><bdi>9781498518741</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil%E2%80%93Military+Relations+in+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781498518741&rft.au=Lenze+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTiijDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfirst%2520commander%2520pakistan%2520army%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications,_Bajwa_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBajwa2003" class="citation book cs1">Bajwa, Kuldip Singh (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7bREjE5yXNMC&q=commander%20in%20chief%20army%20%20pakistan%201947&pg=PA105">"Kashmir Valley Saved"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(google books)</span>. <i>Jammu and Kashmir war, 1947-1948 : political and military perspective</i> (1st ed.). New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124109236" title="Special:BookSources/9788124109236"><bdi>9788124109236</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir+Valley+Saved&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir+war%2C+1947-1948+%3A+political+and+military+perspective&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=350&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788124109236&rft.aulast=Bajwa&rft.aufirst=Kuldip+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7bREjE5yXNMC%26q%3Dcommander%2520in%2520chief%2520army%2520%2520pakistan%25201947%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lancer_Publishers,_Singh_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Ravi Shekhar Narain Singh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wCm2DFZblOYC&q=Tikka%20Khan%20first%20army%20chief&pg=PA62">"Military and Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(googlebooks)</span>. <i>The Military Factor in Pakistan</i> (1st ed.). London, UK: Lancer Publishers. p. 550. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780981537894" title="Special:BookSources/9780981537894"><bdi>9780981537894</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Military+and+Politics&rft.btitle=The+Military+Factor+in+Pakistan&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=550&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780981537894&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Ravi+Shekhar+Narain+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwCm2DFZblOYC%26q%3DTikka%2520Khan%2520first%2520army%2520chief%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1355171#tab-1">"Gen. Ayub becomes President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i>. 6 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Gen.+Ayub+becomes+President&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1355171%23tab-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gul-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gul_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gul_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1993" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Gul Hassan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRVuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Memoirs of Lt. Gen. Gul Hassan Khan</i></a>. United States: Oxford University Press, Karachi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195774474" title="Special:BookSources/9780195774474"><bdi>9780195774474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Lt.+Gen.+Gul+Hassan+Khan&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Karachi&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780195774474&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Gul+Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRVuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/syedalihamid/8657654340">"Lt Gen Nasir Ali Khan COS Pakistan Army inspecting the Guard of Honour at the Reunion Day Parade of 19th Lancers at West Ridge Rawalpindi 1955. Behind him are Brig Sarfaraz Khan commander 3rd Armoured Brigade and Lt Col Gussy Hyder CO 19th Lancers"</a>. <i>flickr.com</i>. 17 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flickr.com&rft.atitle=Lt+Gen+Nasir+Ali+Khan+COS+Pakistan+Army+inspecting+the+Guard+of+Honour+at+the+Reunion+Day+Parade+of+19th+Lancers+at+West+Ridge+Rawalpindi+1955.+Behind+him+are+Brig+Sarfaraz+Khan+commander+3rd+Armoured+Brigade+and+Lt+Col+Gussy+Hyder+CO+19th+Lancers.&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fsyedalihamid%2F8657654340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommander-in-Chief+of+the+Pakistan+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaukat Qadir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-10-2003_pg3_4">"1965: Operation Grand Slam"</a> <i>Daily Times</i>, 4 October 2003</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
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style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Army_template" title="Template talk:Pakistan Army template"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Army_template" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Army template"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x17px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Pakistan_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pakistani_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Commander-in-Chief
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Chief Executive
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_committees_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="List of committees of the Senate of Pakistan">Senate Committee on Defence</a></li>
<li>National Assembly Committee on Defence</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">Cabinet Committee on National Security</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Ministries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Defence (Pakistan)">Defence</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Defence Secretary (Pakistan)">Secretary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Production_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)">Defence Production</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_(Pakistan_Army)" title="General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)">General Headquarters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of General Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of General Staff</a></li>
<li>Surgeon-General</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Master_General_of_Ordnance_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master General of Ordnance (Pakistan)">Master-General of Ordnance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adjutant_general#Pakistan" title="Adjutant general">Adjutant-General</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Engineer-in-Chief_(Pakistan_Army)" title="Engineer-in-Chief (Pakistan Army)">Engineer-in-Chief</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_Pakistan" title="Surveyor General of Pakistan">Surveyor-General</a></li>
<li>Accountant-General</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_Branch_(Pakistan)" title="Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)">Judge Advocate General</a></li>
<li>Comptroller-General</li>
<li>Quartermaster-General</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Pakistan_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Pakistan Army">Serving Generals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png/120px-Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png/180px-Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png/240px-Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Combat commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manoeuvre corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="I Corps (Pakistan)">I Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="II Corps (Pakistan)">II Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="IV Corps (Pakistan)">IV Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="V Corps (Pakistan)">V Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="X Corps (Pakistan)">X Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="XI Corps (Pakistan)">XI Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="XII Corps (Pakistan)">XII Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XXX_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="XXX Corps (Pakistan)">XXX Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XXXI_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="XXXI Corps (Pakistan)">XXXI Corps</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corps-level formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Defence_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Army Air Defence Command (Pakistan)">Air Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_Strategic_Forces_Command_(Pakistan)" title="Army Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)">Strategic Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Command (Pakistan)">Southern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Command (Pakistan)">Northern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Command (Pakistan)">Eastern</a> (historical)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Group" title="Special Service Group">Army Special Services Group (SSG)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Light_Commando_Battalion" title="Light Commando Battalion">Light Commando Battalion (LCB)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Security Division">Special Security Division (SSD)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Army Reserve">Pakistan Army Reserve</a>
<ul><li>North</li>
<li>South</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Administrative arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry regiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Regiment" title="Azad Kashmir Regiment">Azad Kashmir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Regiment" title="Baloch Regiment">Baloch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Force_Regiment" title="Frontier Force Regiment">Frontier Force</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_Infantry_Regiment" title="Northern Light Infantry Regiment">Northern Light Infantry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)">Punjab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_Regiment" title="Sindh Regiment">Sindh</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armoured_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Armoured Corps">Armoured</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Artillery_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Army Artillery Corps">Artillery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Air_Defence_Corps" title="Pakistan Army Air Defence Corps">Air Defence</a></li>
<li>Chaplains</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Aviation_Corps" title="Pakistan Army Aviation Corps">Aviation</a></li>
<li>Dental</li>
<li>Education</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Corps_of_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineering" title="Pakistan Army Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering">Electrical and Mechanical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers">Engineers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Pakistan Army Medical Corps">Medical</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_(Pakistan)" title="Military Intelligence (Pakistan)">Military Intelligence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Corps_of_Military_Police" title="Pakistan Army Corps of Military Police">Military Police</a></li>
<li>Nursing</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="Pakistan Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance</a></li>
<li>Remount, Veterinary and Farms</li>
<li>Service Corps</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Corps_of_Signals" title="Pakistan Army Corps of Signals">Signals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Pakistan)" title="National Guard (Pakistan)">National Guard</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Affiliated<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Welfare_Trust" title="Army Welfare Trust">Army Welfare Trust</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CSD_Pakistan" title="CSD Pakistan">CSD Pakistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Works_Organization" title="Frontier Works Organization">Frontier Works Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Logistics_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="National Logistics Cell">National Logistics Cell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Special_Communications_Organization" title="Special Communications Organization">Special Communications Organization</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority,_Karachi" title="Defence Housing Authority, Karachi">DHA Karachi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority,_Islamabad" title="Defence Housing Authority, Islamabad">DHA Islamabad</a></li>
<li>DHA Lahore</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Fauji Foundation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foods" title="Fauji Foods">Fauji Foods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Askari_Bank" title="Askari Bank">Askari Bank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Fertilizer_Company" title="Fauji Fertilizer Company">Fauji Fertilizer Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Petroleum" title="Mari Petroleum">Mari Petroleum</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_basketball_team" title="Pakistan Army basketball team">Army Basketball</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_F.C." title="Pakistan Army F.C.">Army F.C.</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Education<br /> and <br />Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Service training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Military_Academy" title="Pakistan Military Academy">Pakistan Military Academy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Training_School_(Pakistan_Army)" title="Parachute Training School (Pakistan Army)">Parachute Training School</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_University_Islamabad" title="Foundation University Islamabad">Foundation University Islamabad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_University_Medical_College" title="Foundation University Medical College">Foundation University Medical College</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_University,_Pakistan" title="National Defence University, Pakistan">National Defence University</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Pakistan Command and Staff College">Command and Staff College</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="National University of Medical Sciences">National University of<br />Medical Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Medical College">Army Medical College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Post_Graduate_Medical_Institute" title="Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute">Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CMH_Lahore_Medical_And_Dental_College" class="mw-redirect" title="CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College">CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wah_Medical_College" title="Wah Medical College">Wah Medical College</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Sciences_%26_Technology" title="National University of Sciences & Technology">National University of<br />Sciences and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Electrical_%26_Mechanical_Engineering" title="College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering">College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Engineering_(Pakistan)" title="Military College of Engineering (Pakistan)">Military College of Engineering </a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Signals" title="Military College of Signals">Military College of Signals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy_Engineering_College" title="Pakistan Navy Engineering College">Pakistan Navy Engineering College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Aeronautical_Engineering" title="College of Aeronautical Engineering">College of Aeronautical Engineering</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Other universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHA_Suffa_University" title="DHA Suffa University">DHA Suffa University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HITEC_University" title="HITEC University">HITEC University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Garrison_University" title="Lahore Garrison University">Lahore Garrison University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Modern_Languages" title="National University of Modern Languages">National University of Modern Languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Technology" title="National University of Technology">National University of Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_University,_Nowshera" title="Northern University, Nowshera">Northern University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wah" title="University of Wah">University of Wah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_Public_College_of_Management_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Public College of Management Sciences">Army Public College of Management Sciences</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Preparatory colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Burn_Hall_College" title="Army Burn Hall College">Army Burn Hall College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_Public_Schools_%26_Colleges_System" title="Army Public Schools & Colleges System">Army Public Schools and Colleges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cadet_colleges_in_Pakistan" title="List of cadet colleges in Pakistan">Cadet Colleges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_Jhelum" title="Military College Jhelum">Military College Jhelum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_Murree" title="Military College Murree">Military College Murree</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_Sui" title="Military College Sui">Military College Sui</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Literature and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Exploding_Mangoes" title="A Case of Exploding Mangoes">A Case of Exploding Mangoes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crossed_Swords:_Pakistan,_Its_Army,_and_the_Wars_Within" title="Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within">Crossed Swords</a></i></li>
<li><i>The Battle for Pakistan</i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Military_Inc." title="Military Inc.">Military Inc.</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Dramatization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Bravo_Charlie" title="Alpha Bravo Charlie">Alpha Bravo Charlie</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angar_Wadi" title="Angar Wadi"><i>Burning Valley</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi_Maqbool_Hussain" title="Sipahi Maqbool Hussain"><i>Private Maqbool Hussain</i></a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ehd-e-Wafa" title="Ehd-e-Wafa">Ehd-e-Wafa</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinf-e-Aahan" title="Sinf-e-Aahan">Sinf-e-Aahan</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glorious_Resolve" title="The Glorious Resolve">The Glorious Resolve</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Waar" title="Waar">Waar</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waar_2" title="Waar 2"><i>Waar-II</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azaadi" title="Azaadi"><i>Independence</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yalghaar" title="Yalghaar"><i>Delta Echo Foxtrot</i></a></li>
<li><i>Wilco</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_Museum" title="Pakistan Army Museum">Army Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_Institute_of_Military_History" title="Army Institute of Military History">Army Institute of Military History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Pakistan_Army" title="List of equipment of the Pakistan Army">Equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces">Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces">Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence Industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cantonment_(Pakistan)" title="Cantonment (Pakistan)">Cantonments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="The Establishment (Pakistan)">The Establishment (Pakistan)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Army" title="Category:Pakistan Army">Category:Pakistan Army</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
